A class that wraps a value and allows it to be set asynchronously.

A synchronization primitive that allows multiple tasks to wait until all of them have reached a certain point of execution before continuing.

A mutual exclusion lock that provides safe concurrent access to a shared value.

A mutex (mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that grants exclusive access to a shared resource.

Async notifier that allows one or more "waiters" to wait for a notification.

A queue implementation that allows for adding and removing elements, with optional waiting when popping elements from an empty queue.

A reader-writer lock implementation that allows multiple concurrent reads but only one write at a time. Readers can acquire the lock simultaneously as long as there are no writers holding the lock. Writers block all other readers and writers until the write operation completes.

A semaphore that allows a limited number of concurrent executions of an operation.

A stack implementation that allows for adding and removing elements, with optional waiting when popping elements from an empty stack.

WaitGroup is a synchronization primitive that enables promises to coordinate and synchronize their execution. It is particularly useful in scenarios where a specific number of tasks must complete before the program can proceed.

Return state (fulfilled/rejected/pending) of a promise

Promise state